參加英語(yǔ)翻譯考試的小伙伴們，大家準(zhǔn)備得怎么樣了呢?聽(tīng)說(shuō)口譯是很多人不想面對(duì)的考試，你是不是也和他們一樣呢?下面小編就和大家分享英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧：高級(jí)口譯閱讀，希望能夠幫助到大家，來(lái)欣賞一下吧。
英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧：高級(jí)口譯閱讀
1. 各類詞匯，諳熟于心
高口閱讀的詞匯量要求在8000至12000之間，相當(dāng)于專業(yè)八級(jí)和GRE常考詞匯量，甚為恐怖。但若仔細(xì)分析，高口閱讀的詞匯范疇卻和后兩者(尤其是和GRE)相去甚遠(yuǎn)，主要體現(xiàn)在對(duì)四大類特殊詞匯的掌握上：
新聞偏好詞 ，如soar(猛增，上升)，sway(控制)，swoop(攻擊)等。
外來(lái)詞 ，如faux par(禁忌)，per se(本質(zhì)上)，perrata(成比例的)等。
專業(yè)詞 ，如jurisdiction(管轄權(quán))，IVF(試管嬰兒)，default(拖欠)，reserve(儲(chǔ)備)等。
熟詞僻義 ，如marginal(毛利的，邊緣的，非主流的，以少數(shù)超過(guò)的等)
對(duì)于口譯詞匯的復(fù)習(xí)可參見(jiàn)上海口譯教研組出版的《中高級(jí)口譯考試詞匯必備》及臺(tái)灣友誼出版社《單挑時(shí)代經(jīng)典一千詞》等。
2. 句法結(jié)構(gòu)，分類擊破
由于報(bào)刊文章正式度介于口語(yǔ)和正式書(shū)面語(yǔ)之間的特殊性質(zhì)，我們經(jīng)常在高口閱讀篇章中同時(shí)遭遇十分復(fù)雜冗長(zhǎng)和十分短小通俗的表達(dá)，這就要求考生熟練把握考試中常出現(xiàn)的三類特殊句型結(jié)構(gòu)：
a.長(zhǎng)句 ，這類句子在快速閱讀中只需抓主干舍從屬，其中的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)從句、并列結(jié)構(gòu)、分割插入結(jié)構(gòu)等可以迅速掠過(guò)，整句理解不受個(gè)別難詞影響。
b. 特殊結(jié)構(gòu)句 ，It is too funny not to take it seriously.(這事情太滑稽了所以一定要認(rèn)真對(duì)待。)這樣的句子看似簡(jiǎn)單卻常常使考生在匆忙中形成相反的解釋。
c.俗語(yǔ) ，這主要指一些對(duì)大陸考生來(lái)說(shuō)較陌生的英語(yǔ)俚語(yǔ)，諺語(yǔ)，成語(yǔ)和一些約定俗成并無(wú)典籍可查的地道表達(dá)，需要我們?cè)谄綍r(shí)的訓(xùn)練中有效地積累。
3. 篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，思路分明
廣義上說(shuō)，高口閱讀文章均屬于倒金字塔的結(jié)構(gòu)形式，即主題內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)在文章開(kāi)頭的一至三段之內(nèi)，向后則重要性相關(guān)度都逐步遞減。這就要求我們上首都文章時(shí)就扎實(shí)把握文章前幾段的內(nèi)容(其中往往出現(xiàn)主題句)，在把握主題的基礎(chǔ)上則可以迅速掠過(guò)后面的細(xì)節(jié)性內(nèi)容以節(jié)省時(shí)間，根據(jù)具體題目所指選擇性地補(bǔ)充二次閱讀。
4. 背景知識(shí)，舉足輕重
高級(jí)口譯考試中聽(tīng)力翻譯部分對(duì)于背景知識(shí)的考察已經(jīng)成為許多考生的致命弱點(diǎn)所在，閱讀部分的理解效果更是建立在背景知識(shí)的撐托之上，05年3月高口Section 2第4篇涉及了一系列宗教背景的概念，如：
Sabbath(猶太教和的安息日)
Blue laws(美國(guó)殖民地時(shí)期清教徒社團(tuán)頒行的藍(lán)色法規(guī)，禁止星期日飲酒及娛樂(lè)等世俗活動(dòng))
liturgy(圣餐儀式)
Pope(教皇)
apostle(追隨者倡導(dǎo)者，原指耶穌的十二門(mén)徒)
Fourth commandment (猶太教十戒之第四戒，規(guī)定人們一周必須工作六天，第七天即安息日可以休息)
這方面的知識(shí)需要我們長(zhǎng)期大量的積累，當(dāng)然這也是我的口譯閱讀課上強(qiáng)調(diào)的重中之重。
5. 控制節(jié)奏，主次分明
我們都知道，任何一個(gè)論說(shuō)型語(yǔ)篇都是由TS/ts (全文主題句，段落主題句以及相關(guān)的抽象句)和Subordination(各類支持性細(xì)節(jié))構(gòu)成的。試題也永遠(yuǎn)是圍繞論點(diǎn)論據(jù)以及它們的相互關(guān)系展開(kāi)的。然而在快速閱讀中正常人類都很難做到面面俱到，這就要求我們抓大放小，張弛有度地讀文章，在把握TS/ts的基礎(chǔ)上掠過(guò)Subordination的具體內(nèi)容，知道后者用來(lái)支持什么就可以。這種先慢后快的方式是絕對(duì)磨刀不誤砍柴工的。
6. 跳讀順序，明智取舍
閱讀部分的做題順序當(dāng)然是因人而異的，但是在長(zhǎng)期的教學(xué)過(guò)程中我也摸索出了一套比較廣泛適用效果也比較好的順序策略，美其名曰“木乃伊歸來(lái)法”，即：快速瀏覽題干(20秒迅速瀏覽題干，預(yù)測(cè)文章答題內(nèi)容的同時(shí)抓住考察點(diǎn)和定位線索)，把握文章框架(瀏覽文章TS/ts，把握核心內(nèi)容)，適度邊讀邊解(細(xì)節(jié)性的題目，可以在讀到相關(guān)內(nèi)容時(shí)順便處理掉問(wèn)候相關(guān)的內(nèi)容，這樣可以減少記憶負(fù)擔(dān)，正確率也比較高)，補(bǔ)充二次閱讀(文后題目若涉及subordination中的具體內(nèi)容，再回文中定位細(xì)查也不遲)。考生們可以在實(shí)際操作中根據(jù)自己的實(shí)際情況選擇合適的閱讀順序。
7. 分辨題型，有的放矢
高口閱讀的主要題型有主題題，細(xì)節(jié)題，例子功能題，作者態(tài)度題，詞義句義理解題和判斷/否定題等，每種題型的出題思路都非常相似，因而也就產(chǎn)成了各具特點(diǎn)的解題方式。
這一部分的具體講解請(qǐng)參見(jiàn)上海口譯教研組出版的《高級(jí)口譯筆試備考精要》一書(shū)之“閱讀篇”。
8. 集中意志，避免神游
為了避免在三個(gè)小時(shí)的高口戰(zhàn)役中由于體力和精力的不支而全面虛脫，同學(xué)們?cè)趶?fù)習(xí)迎考的過(guò)程中應(yīng)該有意識(shí)的鍛煉自己長(zhǎng)時(shí)間集中注意力的能力，因?yàn)檫@項(xiàng)能力的意義遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超越于考場(chǎng)之外，它是每個(gè)口譯員職業(yè)生涯不可缺少的維他命。
2020年翻譯資格考試(catti)一級(jí)筆譯習(xí)題九
域外大國(guó)干擾是南海和平穩(wěn)定的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)源
Real Risks to Peace and Stability in the South China Sea Come from Power Outside the Region
駐歐盟使團(tuán)團(tuán)長(zhǎng)張明大使在歐盟媒體發(fā)表署名文章
Ambassador Zhang Ming, Head of Chinese Mission to the EU Published a Signed Article on Euobserver
2019年8月22日
22 August 2019
近期，個(gè)別域外大國(guó)罔顧南海局勢(shì)持續(xù)向好的事實(shí)，就所謂南海“緊張局勢(shì)”無(wú)端指責(zé)中國(guó)，歐盟高官也表達(dá)了關(guān)切。為了讓歐洲讀者更加全面認(rèn)知南海問(wèn)題，我愿意向廣大朋友們講講南海的故事。考生如果怕自己錯(cuò)過(guò)考試成績(jī)查詢的話，可以 免費(fèi)預(yù)約短信提醒，屆時(shí)會(huì)以短信的方式提醒大家報(bào)名和考試時(shí)間。
從“南中國(guó)海”的名字可以看出，南海在中國(guó)大陸的南面。中國(guó)是最早發(fā)現(xiàn)和命名南海諸島的國(guó)家，也是最早開(kāi)發(fā)利用南海的國(guó)家。早在公元8世紀(jì)，歐洲進(jìn)入中世紀(jì)不久，中國(guó)就開(kāi)始對(duì)南海進(jìn)行管轄。中國(guó)和南海沿岸國(guó)交往密切，人民世代友好。直到20世紀(jì)前，中國(guó)對(duì)南海諸島的主權(quán)從未遭遇任何挑戰(zhàn)。
二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后，中國(guó)使用美國(guó)提供的軍艦，收復(fù)了日本非法侵占的南海諸島，在島上舉行接收儀式并派兵駐守。作為二戰(zhàn)后國(guó)際秩序的組成部分，中國(guó)對(duì)南海諸島的主權(quán)得到國(guó)際社會(huì)廣泛承認(rèn)。但隨著南海發(fā)現(xiàn)油氣資源，一些沿岸國(guó)開(kāi)始在南沙奪島占礁，提出海洋權(quán)益訴求，導(dǎo)致南海出現(xiàn)爭(zhēng)端。盡管如此，中國(guó)致力于同有關(guān)國(guó)家談判解決爭(zhēng)議，聚焦海上務(wù)實(shí)合作，切實(shí)維護(hù)了南海的和平穩(wěn)定，維護(hù)了地區(qū)國(guó)家的發(fā)展繁榮。
世上本無(wú)事，總有人為謀取私利而到處挑撥離間、惹事生非，南海也未能幸免。個(gè)別域外大國(guó)，唯恐南海不亂，蓄意炒作南海“緊張局勢(shì)”，指責(zé)中國(guó)在南海“搞軍事化”。殊不知中國(guó)在自己領(lǐng)土上部署必要防御設(shè)施，本就是國(guó)家的合法權(quán)利。這個(gè)大國(guó)有世界上最強(qiáng)大的軍事力量，在全世界有數(shù)百個(gè)軍事基地。其不斷在南海搞軍事演習(xí)，派大型軍艦搞“航行自由”行動(dòng)，把南海當(dāng)作大國(guó)博弈的戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)，才是南海局勢(shì)緊張的重要根源。
個(gè)別域外大國(guó)總喜歡講南海問(wèn)題，但在一些多邊場(chǎng)合，其國(guó)家代表發(fā)完言就揚(yáng)長(zhǎng)而去，不愿傾聽(tīng)地區(qū)國(guó)家對(duì)南海和平穩(wěn)定的關(guān)切。可以說(shuō)，這個(gè)大國(guó)所關(guān)心的南海問(wèn)題，同中國(guó)和東盟國(guó)家所關(guān)心的南海問(wèn)題，根本就不是同一個(gè)問(wèn)題。這個(gè)大國(guó)的真實(shí)目的是攪渾南海，為維持地區(qū)軍事存在找借口，維護(hù)亞太霸權(quán)和海洋霸主地位。
個(gè)別域外大國(guó)言南海必稱“航行自由”問(wèn)題，然而這個(gè)問(wèn)題在南海根本就不存在。中國(guó)對(duì)外貿(mào)易和能源運(yùn)輸?shù)?0%以上通過(guò)南海，中國(guó)比任何國(guó)家更關(guān)心南海航行自由。事實(shí)是，每年有十幾萬(wàn)艘商船通行南海，從沒(méi)有一艘遇到過(guò)航行自由問(wèn)題。這些域外大國(guó)天天喊“航行自由”，想要的莫不是亂闖別國(guó)領(lǐng)海的“橫行自由”?
南海地區(qū)國(guó)家有維護(hù)和平穩(wěn)定與推動(dòng)地區(qū)合作的共同意愿。中國(guó)不會(huì)任由領(lǐng)土主權(quán)和地區(qū)安全受到侵害，也不會(huì)坐視域外大國(guó)攪亂南海秩序。希望域外國(guó)家尊重地區(qū)國(guó)家的意愿和選擇，多發(fā)揮建設(shè)性作用，不要為一己私利，也不要人云亦云，成為威脅南海和平穩(wěn)定的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)源。
域外大國(guó)干擾是南海和平穩(wěn)定的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)源
Real Risks to Peace and Stability in the South China Sea Come from Power Outside the Region
駐歐盟使團(tuán)團(tuán)長(zhǎng)張明大使在歐盟媒體發(fā)表署名文章
Ambassador Zhang Ming, Head of Chinese Mission to the EU Published a Signed Article on Euobserver
2019年8月22日
22 August 2019
Recently, despite the continued improvement in the situation in the South China Sea, a major power outside the region has kept making unwarranted accusations against China over the so-called “tensions” in the South China Sea. Senior EU officials have expressed similar concerns. To help European readers get a full picture of the South China Sea issue, I wish to share with you the other side of the story.
As its name suggests, the “South China Sea” is to the south of the Chinese mainland. China was the first country to discover, name and develop the South China Sea islands. As early as in the 8th century, shortly after Europe entered the Middle Ages, China started administering the South China Sea. China has maintained close exchanges with the littoral states of the South China Sea and has enjoyed friendship with peoples of these countries from generation to generation. Before the 20th century, China’s sovereignty over the South China Sea islands had never been challenged.
After the end of World War II, China used naval ships provided by the United States and recovered the South China Sea islands illegally occupied by Japan. On the islands, the takeover ceremonies were held and troops started to be stationed. As part of the post-war international order, China’s sovereignty over the South China Sea islands has been widely recognized by the international community.
However, with the discovery of oil and gas resources in the South China Sea, some littoral states have sought to seize islands and reefs in the Nansha Islands, and made claims to maritime entitlements, leading to disputes in the South China Sea. That being said, China has been committed to settling the disputes through negotiation with the countries directly concerned, and focusing on practical maritime cooperation. Such efforts have contributed to the overall peace and stability in the South China Sea as well as development and prosperity of countries in this region.
We would deserve a more peaceful world, were it not for the instigation and trouble-making of some forces for their own agenda. The South China Sea is unfortunately no exception. A major power outside the region has deliberately hyped up the so-called “tensions” in the South China Sea and accused China of “militarizing” the region. The fact is that China has every legitimate right to deploy necessary defence facilities on its own territory. That major power, with the world’s most powerful military forces and hundreds of military bases across the world, has kept staging military exercises in the South China Sea and sent large warships there for the so-called “freedom of navigation” operations, trying to turn the South China Sea into an arena for major-power wrestling. This is THE source of tensions in the South China Sea.
That major power enjoys raising the South China Sea issue. Yet on some multilateral occasions, its representatives would take the exit immediately after finishing what they had to say, giving little heed to the call of the littoral countries for peace and stability in the South China Sea. It is fair to say that when it comes to the South China Sea issue, that major power cares about things totally different from those of China and ASEAN countries. Its real agenda is to muddy the waters and seek excuses to justify its military presence in the region, in order to uphold its hegemony in the Asia-Pacific and maritime supremacy the world over.
That major power always questions the “freedom of navigation” in the South China Sea, but there is nothing to question at all. More than 60% of China’s foreign trade and energy supplies pass through the South China Sea, so China has a greater stake in the freedom of navigation than any other country. The reality is that more than 100,000 merchant ships pass through these waters every year and not a single vessel has ever run into any problem with the freedom of navigation. When a major power outside the region talk about the freedom of navigation, does it mean to have a license to do whatever it wants in other countries’ territorial waters? This might be the real question.
Littoral states share the commitment to maintaining peace and stability and promoting cooperation in the South China Sea. China would not allow its territorial sovereignty and regional security to be undermined, nor would it allow any major power outside the region to muddy the waters. It is our hope that countries outside the region could respect the wishes and choices of countries in the region and play a more constructive role. Any attempt to impose one’s own selfish agenda or blindly follow suit from the outside would only pose real risks to peace and stability in the South China Sea.
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