Lesson 45 A clear conscience問心無愧

First listen and then answer the question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
How did Sam get his money back?
The whole village soon learnt that a large sum of money had been lost. Sam Benton, the local butcher, had lost his wallet while taking his savings to the post office. Sam was sure that the wallet must have been found by one of the villagers, but it was not returned to him. Three months passed, and then one morning, Sam found his wallet outside his front door. It had been wrapped up in newspaper and it contained half the money he had lost, together with a note which said: 'A thief, yes, but only 50 per cent a thief!' Two months later, some more money was sent to Sam with another note: 'Only 25 per cent a thief now!' In time, all Sam's money was paid back in this way. The last note said: 'I am 100 per cent honest now!'
參考譯文
整個村子很快知道，有一大筆錢丟失了。當地的屠戶薩姆.本頓在把存款送往郵局的途中把錢包丟了。薩姆確信那錢包一定是被某個村民撿到了，可是卻不見有人來 送還給他。3個月過去了，后來在一天早晨，薩姆在自己的大門外發現了他的錢包。錢包是用報紙包著的，里面有他丟失的錢的一半，而且還附著一張紙條，上面寫 著：“一個小偷，是的，但只是一個50%的小偷！”又過了兩個月，又有一些錢送還給了薩姆，又附了一張字條：“這回只是25%的小偷了！”很快，薩姆全部 的錢都用同樣的方式還了回來。最后的那張字條上寫道：“我現在是一個100%的誠實人了！”

New words and Expressions生詞和短語
clear
adj. 無罪的，不虧心的

conscience
n. 良心，道德心

wallet
n. 皮夾，錢夾

savings
n. 存款

villager
n. 村民

percent
百分之......

Lesson 45 自學導讀First things first

　　課文詳注 Further notes on the text
　　1．A clear conscience, （標題）問心無愧。
　　clear在這里的含義為“清白的”、“無罪的”，因此這個短語又可譯為“清白的良心”，相當于 a good conscience，反義詞為 a bad conscience（感到內疚）。

　　2．The whole village soon learnt that a large sum of money had been lost. 整個村子很快知道，有一大筆錢丟失了。
　　（1）village在這里為總稱，指“村民”，the whole village指“全村的人”，后面通常跟單數動詞（有時也可視為復數）：
　　The whole village was excited by the news.
　　這消息使全村的人興奮。
　　（2）learn在句中的含義為“獲悉”、“得知”：
　　I've just learnt that she was ill.
　　我剛剛得知她病了。

　　3．Sam Benton, the local butcher, had lost his wallet while taking his savings to the post office. 當地的屠戶薩姆·本頓在把存款送往郵局的途中把錢包丟了。
　　taking為現在分詞。與動名詞相似，它也可以有自己的賓語、狀語等。在連詞while之后，現在分詞短語的作用相當于一個時間狀語從 句：…while he was taking his savings to the post office。現在分詞這樣用的前提是兩個動詞的主語是同一個，并且這兩個動作通常是同時發生的：
　　He listened to music while cleaning the room.
　　他一邊打掃房間一邊聽音樂。
　　如果是主語不一致則必須用從句：
　　He listened to music while I was cleaning the room.
　　我打掃房間時，他在聽音樂。

　　4．Sam was sure that the wallet must have been found by one of the villagers…薩姆確信那錢包一定是被某個村民撿到了……
　　must用于對過去已發生的事進行推測時，后面的動詞要用完成式：
　　When I arrived, he wasn't here. He must have left early.
　　我到這兒的時候他已不在了。他一定早走了。

　　5．it contained half the money he had lost, 里面有他丟失的錢的一半。
　　我們既可以說 half the money，也可以說 half of the money，它們可以互相替代，但是money前都必須有the，因為是指特定的錢。再如：
　　Half the bread/ half of the bread was bad.
　　這面包有一半已變質了。

　　6．In time, all Sam's money was paid back in this way. 很快，薩姆全部的錢都用同樣的方式還了回來。
　　（1）in time可以表示“經過一段時間”或“最終”、“遲早”：
　　In time, he found all the books he needed.
　　一段時間以后，他找到了他需要的所有書。
　　I'll tell you everything in time.
　　我最終／總有一天會把一切都告訴你的。
　　（2）in this way表示“用這樣的方式”：
　　You must pay attention to your spelling. In this way, you can become a good secretary in time.
　　你必須注意你的拼寫。這樣你才能最終成為一個好秘書。

　　語法 Grammar in use
　　被動語態（4）
　　在第10課、第21課與第34課的語法中，我們學習了用于一般現在時、一般過去時和現在完成時中的被動語態、情態助動詞與被動語態的連用以及動詞+賓語+不定式結構中被動語態的使用等：
　　That table was made in 1970(by my grandfather).
　　那張桌子是1970年（由我的祖父）做的。
　　The rooms must be cleaned today.
　　這些房間今天必須要打掃干凈。
　　John has been told not to go for a walk when the weather's like this.
　　約翰已被告知不要在這種天氣出去散步。
　　I never expected the thief to be arrested.
　　我從沒有指望小偷會被逮著。
　　表示過去發生的動作時，被動語態還可以用于過去完成時；用于完成時的被動語態也可以與情態助動詞連用：
　　Where the dogs ever found?
　　那些狗找著了嗎?
　　Yes,they had been taken to the police station.
　　找著了。它們是被人帶到警察局去了。(過去完成時)
　　I've been told to repair the gate.
　　有人讓我來修大門。
　　But it's already been repaired .It must have been repaired by someone else.
　　但它已被修過了。肯定是其他人修的。(must+被動語態的完成式)

　　詞匯學習 Word study
　　1．steal與rob
　　steal指“偷盜”、“竊取”，其行為通常是偷偷地、悄悄地、不為別人所發覺；rob則指“搶奪”、“搶劫”，其行為通常是明目張膽的：
　　The man who stole my wallet took my address book as well.
　　偷走我錢包的那個人把我的通訊錄也拿走了。
　　I lost my address book when that man robbed me of my bag.
　　當那人搶走我的包時，我的通訊錄也沒了。
　　Someone has stolen my bag from me.
　　有人把我的包偷走了。
　　They took the risk of being arrested and robbed the bank.
　　他們冒著被逮捕的危險搶劫了那家銀行。
　　注意 steal和 rob與介詞的不同搭配：steal(sth.) from(sb./ some place)， rob(sb.) of(sth.)。

　　2．pay back
　　（1）償還：
　　All Sam's money was paid back in this way.
　　薩姆全部的錢都用這樣的方式還了回來。
　　Yesterday Sam borrowed some money from me and said that he would pay me back in a week.
　　昨天薩姆從我這里借了些錢，并說一周后還我。
　　（2）報答；向……報復：
　　You've been very kind to me. How can I pay you back?
　　你對我太好了。我如何報答你呢？
　　He embarrassed me at the party. I'll pay him back someday.
　　在晚會上他讓我難堪了。總有一天我會報復他的。

Lesson 45 課后練習和答案Exercises and Answer