Lesson 33 Out of the darkness沖出黑暗
First listen and then answer the question.聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
Why was the girl in hospital?
Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what had happened to her.
幾乎過了一個(gè)星期，那姑娘才能講述自己的遭遇。
One afternoon she set out from the coast in a small boat and was caught in a storm.
一天下午，她乘小船從海岸出發(fā)，遇上了風(fēng)暴。
Towards evening, the boat struck a rock and the girl jumped into the sea.
天將黑時(shí)，小船撞在了一塊礁石上，姑娘跳進(jìn)了海里。
Then she swam to the shore after spending the whole night in the water.
她在 海里游了整整一夜才游到岸邊。
During that time she covered a distance of eight miles.
在那段時(shí)間里，她游了8英里。
Early next morning, she saw a light ahead. She knew she was near the shore because the light was high up on the cliffs.
第二天凌晨，她看到前方有燈光，知道自己已經(jīng)接近岸邊了，因?yàn)槟菬艄馐窃诟吒叩那捅谏稀?br />
On arriving at the shore, the girl struggled up the cliff towards the light she had seen.
到達(dá)岸 邊后，姑娘朝著她看到的燈光方向掙扎著往峭壁上爬去。
That was all she remembered. When she woke up a day later, she found herself in hospital.
她所記得的就是這些。第二天她醒來時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己躺在醫(yī)院里。
New words and Expressions生詞和短語
darkness
n.黑暗
explain
v. 解釋，說明
coast
n.海岸
storm
n. 暴風(fēng)雨
towards
prep. 朝，向，接近
rock
n.巖石
shore
n.海岸
light
n.燈光
ahead
adv.在前面
cliff
n.峭壁
struggle
v.掙扎
hospital
n. 醫(yī)院
Lesson 33 自學(xué)導(dǎo)讀First things first
課文詳注 Further notes on the text1．Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what had happened to her. 幾乎過了一個(gè)星期，那姑娘才能講述自己的遭遇。
（1） 這句話有兩個(gè)從句。before一直到結(jié)尾是句子的時(shí)間狀語從句。在這個(gè)從句中，explain又有自己的賓語從句，what為這個(gè)從句的主語。
（2） before在引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)，有時(shí)不一定譯為“在……之前”，雖然表達(dá)的是這個(gè)意思，如文中的這句話。類似的情況有：
It will be months before he can come back.
要過好幾個(gè)月他才能回來。
He ran off before his mother could stop him.
他母親還沒來得及阻止他，他就跑掉了。
2．One afternoon she set out from the coast in a small boat and was caught in a storm. 一天下午，她乘小船從海岸出發(fā)，遇上了風(fēng)暴。
（1） 我們已經(jīng)學(xué)過 set out表示“出發(fā)”：
Captain Alison will set out at eight o'clock.
艾利森船長將于8點(diǎn)鐘啟航。
set out from表示“從……出發(fā)”。
（2） be caught in表示某人“（突然）遇到/上（風(fēng)暴等）”：
He was caught in a heavy rain on the way home.
他在回家途中遇到了大雨。
3．Then she swam to the shore after spending the whole night in the water. 她在海里游了整整一夜才游到岸邊。
介詞after的賓語是動名詞spending及這個(gè)動名詞的賓語、狀語，這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)在意義上等于 after she had spent the whole nightin the water。
4．During that time she covered a distance of eight miles. 在那段時(shí)間里，她游了8英里。
（1）that time指上句話中提到的the whole night。
（2）cover可以籠統(tǒng)地表示“行過（一段路程）”，根據(jù)上下文可具體譯為“走過”、“飛過”、“游過”等：
The bird covered the distance in three minutes.
這只鳥用3分鐘飛完了全程。
（3）表示具體的距離可以用“a distance of+ 具體長度”這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)。
5．high up on the cliffs，在高高的峭壁上。
up為形容詞，表示“在上面的”、“高高的”、“在較高處的”，high為副詞，修飾up。
6．On arriving at the shore, the girl struggled up the cliff towardsthe light she had seen.
到達(dá)岸邊后，姑娘朝著她看到的燈光方向掙扎著往峭壁上爬去。
（1）“on+ 動名詞”相當(dāng)于 as soon as或 when 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句：
On reaching the airport, he was arrested by the police.
他一到機(jī)場就被警察逮捕了。
（2）she had seen為 the light的定語從句，關(guān)系代詞 that/which省略了。
（3）up 在此處為介詞，表示“沿著……往上”。
7．That was all she remembered. 她所記得的就是這些。
that指前面（從第2句話開始）描述的內(nèi)容。she remembered為all 的定語從句，關(guān)系代詞that（不能用which）被省略了。
語法 Grammar in use
用于表示方向和目的地的介詞和副詞（也被稱為小品詞）
（1）表示“上”、“下”的兩對小品詞是on和off，up和 down：Jim's standing on the roof. I hope he won't fall off.吉姆正站在房頂上。我希望他不會掉下來。
Tom's climbing up the tree. I hope he won't fall down.湯姆正在爬樹。我希望他不要摔下來。
（2）表示“來”、“去”的一對小品詞是from和to；towards的意義與to相近，表示“朝”、“向”、“接近”等； for在有些動詞后面也表示“往”、“向”的意思：
He came from Moscow. He's going to New York.
他從莫斯科來。
他將要去紐約。
The plane flies from Moscow to New York.
這架飛機(jī)從莫斯科飛往紐約。
He went towards the shop quickly.
他快速地向商店走去。
He went for home.
他回家了。
He left/ set out for New York yesterday.
他昨天動身去紐約了。
（3）表示“進(jìn)去”、“出來”這兩種方向的介詞為into和out of；表示“在某個(gè)地方”或“在……里面/外面”可用 at，in，out of等；表示目的地或位置往往用at：
When did you come into the restaurant?
你什么時(shí)候進(jìn)的餐館？
You weren't in the restaurant when I come in.
我進(jìn)來的時(shí)候你不在餐館。
We ran out of the house.
我們從屋里跑了出來。
We arrived in the country on Sunday.
星期天我們到達(dá)鄉(xiāng)下。（范圍大時(shí)用in）
We arrived at the station in the evening.
晚上我們到達(dá)車站。（范圍小時(shí)用at）
（4）表示“穿過”、“越過”、“繞過”等動作時(shí)，往往用 through，across，under，over，round等介詞：
How did you get through the fence?
你怎么穿過籬笆的?
I climbed over/under it.
我是爬/鉆過去的。
詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study
1．pass與past
（1）動詞 pass的過去式為 passed，過去分詞為 passed或past。當(dāng)它作及物動詞用時(shí)，可以表示“經(jīng)過”、“通過（考試）”或“超過”等，作不及物動詞用時(shí)可以表示“（時(shí)間等）消逝”：
You passed me without even noticing me!
你從我身邊經(jīng)過時(shí)居然沒注意到我！
Your sister passed me in her new car, driving at great speed.
你姐姐/妹妹開著她的新車從我身旁駛過，開得非常快。
I've passed/ past my French test.
我法語考試通過了。
A month has passed/ past since I left home.
我離開家已一個(gè)月了。
（2）past可以作形容詞、介詞、名詞等。作形容詞時(shí)表示“以前的”、“過去的”等：
Many things happened in the post week.
過去的這一周內(nèi)發(fā)生了許多事。
Frank is proud of his past experiences.
弗蘭克為自己以往的經(jīng)歷感到自豪。
作介詞時(shí)它表示“經(jīng)過”或“超出（范圍等）”：
He has just walked past me.
他剛從我身邊走過去。
His words are past my understanding.
我不懂他的話。
作名詞時(shí)它表示“過去”、“昔時(shí)”或“往事”等：
Can you tell me something about your past?
您能給我講講您過去的一些事嗎？
In the past, we used to gather under the Town Hall clock to welcome the New Year.
我們過去常聚集在市政廳的大鐘下面迎新年。
2．next與other
next表示時(shí)間順序上“緊接的”、“下一個(gè)”。如果以現(xiàn)在為基準(zhǔn)，則next前一般不加the；如果以過去或?qū)淼哪骋粫r(shí)間為基準(zhǔn)，則 next前面要加the或其他修飾詞：
See you next Friday.
下個(gè)星期五再見。
Mary phoned the next day to tell us that she couldn't come to the party.
第2天瑪麗打來電話告訴我們她不能來參加晚會了。
the other day指時(shí)間時(shí)可以有a few days ago的意思：
Mary phoned the other day to tell us that she had arrived in London.
前幾天瑪麗來電話告訴我們她已到達(dá)倫敦。
Lesson 33 課后練習(xí)和答案Exercises and Answer
