Lesson 31 Success story成功者的故事
First listen and then answer the question.聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
What was Frank's first job?
Yesterday afternoon Frank Hawkins was telling me about his experiences as a young man.
昨天下午弗蘭克.霍金斯向我講述了他年輕時(shí)的經(jīng)歷。
Before he retired, Frank was the head of a very large business company, but as a boy he used to work in a small shop.
在退休前，弗蘭克是一家非常大的商業(yè)公司的經(jīng)理，但他小時(shí)候卻在一家小鋪里做工。
It was his job to repair bicycles and at that time he used to work fourteen hours a day.
他那時(shí)的工作是修理自 行車，并且通常是一天工作14個(gè)小時(shí)。
He saved money for years and in 1958 he bought a small workshop of his own.
他靠多年積蓄，于1958年買下了自己的一個(gè)小鋪?zhàn)印?br />
In his twenties Frank used to make spare parts for aeroplanes. At that time he had two helpers.
20多歲的時(shí)候，弗蘭克曾生產(chǎn)飛機(jī)零配件。那時(shí)他有兩個(gè)幫手。
In a few years the small workshop had become a large factory which employed seven hundred and twenty-eight people.
幾年之后，小鋪?zhàn)右呀?jīng)發(fā)展成了一個(gè)雇有728人的大工廠。
Frank smiled when he remembered his hard early years and the long road to success.
弗蘭克回想著他早年的艱難經(jīng)歷和走過的漫長的成功之路，微笑了。
He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in. She wanted him to repair their grandson's bicycle!
他正笑著的時(shí)候門開了，他的妻子走了進(jìn)來。她叫他去修理孫子的自行車。
New words and Expressions生詞和短語
retire
v. 退休
company
n. 公司
bicycle
n. 自行車
save
v. 積蓄
workshop
n. 車間
helper
n. 幫手，助手
employ
v. 雇傭
grandson
n. 孫子
Lesson 31 自學(xué)導(dǎo)讀First things first
課文詳注 Further notes on the text1．Before he retired, Frank was the head of a very large business company, but as a boy he used to work in a small shop. 在退休前，弗蘭克是一家非常大的商業(yè)公司的經(jīng)理，但他小時(shí)侯卻在一家小鋪里做工。
（1）head在此處的意思不是人或動(dòng)物的“頭部”，而是“首領(lǐng)”、“頭目”，一般出現(xiàn)在“the head of +名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中：
John is the head of the family.
約翰是一家之主。
Frank is the head of that firm.
弗蘭克是那家公司的總裁。
（2） as在這里為介詞，表不“當(dāng)……時(shí)”，as a boy相當(dāng)于 as he was a boy。
2．It was his job to repair bicycles…他那時(shí)的工作是修理自行車……
it為“先行主語”，句子的真正主語為to repair bicycles。
3．He saved money for years and in 1958 he bought a small workshop of his own. 他靠多年積蓄，于1958年買下了自己的一個(gè)小鋪?zhàn)印?br /> （1）for years表示“許多年”。
（2）of one's own為固定短語，表示“自己的”、“屬于自己的”，own為代詞：
He wanted a room of his own.
他想要一個(gè)自己的房間。
Do you have a house of your own?
你有自己的房子嗎？
4．in one's twenties，（在某人）二十多歲的時(shí)候。
one's twenties/thirties/forties…，二十多歲／三十多歲／四十多歲……10的倍數(shù)的復(fù)數(shù)形式可用于表達(dá)近似的、非確定的數(shù)量，與所有格形容詞（my等）連用時(shí)表示大約的年齡：
My aunt Jennifer is in her late thirties/early forties, but she often appears on the stage as a young girl.
我的姑媽詹妮弗已接近四十歲／四十出頭，但她卻常在舞臺(tái)上扮演小姑娘。
5．Frank smiled when he remembered his hard early years and the long road to success. 弗蘭克回想著他早年的艱難經(jīng)歷和走過的漫長的成功之路，微笑了。
（1）hard意思很多，在這里指“艱難的”、“困苦的”：
She lived a hard life in those years.
那些年她的生活很艱難。
（2）one's early years指某人的早年（生活），意義相近的表達(dá)方式為early in one's life。
（3） the long road to success是一種比喻的說法，因?yàn)閟uccess是抽象名詞。to在這里表示方向、目的地，意義為“朝”、“往”、“向”等，這個(gè)短語的字面意義為“通向成功的漫漫長路”。
語法 Grammar in use
1．過去進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)
在第7課的語法中我們學(xué)習(xí)了過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。它主要表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻或某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，和一般過去時(shí)經(jīng)常在一個(gè)句子里使用。與一般過去時(shí)相比，它更強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性，一般過去時(shí)則表示比較短暫的動(dòng)作或事件。在敘述故事時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)往往用來表示背景：
Yesterday afternoon Frank Hawkins was telling me about his experiences as a young man.
昨天下午弗蘭克·霍金斯向我講述了他年輕時(shí)的經(jīng)歷。
He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in.
他正笑著的時(shí)候門開了，他的妻子走了進(jìn)來。
Last Sunday, I went and sat on the river bank as usual.
Some children were playing games on the bank and there were some people rowing on the river.
上星期天，我和往常一樣，又去河邊坐著。河岸上有些孩子正在玩耍，河面上有些人正在劃船。（過去進(jìn)行時(shí)描述背景）
比較典型的表示過去正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作的表達(dá)方式如：
What were you doing at two o'clock?I was looking for you everywhere.
兩點(diǎn)鐘時(shí)你在干什么?我到處找你。
I was fishing.
我那時(shí)在釣魚。
2．used to do
我們用used to do表示過去有過但現(xiàn)在已不存在的習(xí)慣，以便將過去與現(xiàn)在形成對(duì)照。它后面經(jīng)常用由but now…，but not…any more/any longer等構(gòu)成的、用了一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的句子以強(qiáng)調(diào)過去和現(xiàn)在的不同之處。
I used to smoke, but I don't any more/any longer.我過去常吸煙，但現(xiàn)在已不吸了。
He used to be a lazy boy, but now he is very hard-working.他過去是個(gè)懶孩子，但現(xiàn)在他很勤奮。
used to僅用于一般過去時(shí)。它的疑問句和否定句形式可以不用助動(dòng)詞do而用used本身：
Used he to smoke?
他過去吸煙嗎?
He usedn't / used not to smoke.
他從前并不吸煙。
但比較常用的形式是did和didn't:
Did he use to smoke?
他過去吸煙嗎?
He didn't use to smoke.
他從前不吸煙。
在針對(duì)used to提間時(shí)，一般也用did:
I used to be a good swimmer.
我過去是個(gè)游泳好手。
Did you really?I didn't even know you could swim.
真約嗎?我以前甚至不知道你會(huì)游泳。
詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study
1．experience
（1）n．經(jīng)歷（可數(shù)）：
I had an amusing experience last year.
去年我有過一次有趣的經(jīng)歷。
He told me about his experiences as a young man.
他向我講述了他年輕時(shí)的經(jīng)歷。
（2）n．經(jīng)驗(yàn)，體驗(yàn)（不可數(shù)）：
They want someone with a lot of experience for this job.
他們想要一位有豐富經(jīng)驗(yàn)的人來承擔(dān)這項(xiàng)工作。
Does she have any experience in teaching?
她有教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)嗎？
（3）vt．經(jīng)驗(yàn)，體驗(yàn)：
Have you ever experienced anything like this?
你經(jīng)歷過像這樣的事情嗎？
The village has experienced great changes since 1980.
自1980年以來這個(gè)村子經(jīng)歷了極大的變化。
experience的過去分詞常作形容詞用，表示“有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的”、“經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的”：
John is an experienced driver.
約翰是個(gè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的司機(jī)。
2．save vt．，vi．
（1）救助，搭救，拯救：
The doctor saved the child's life.
那位醫(yī)生救了這孩子一命。
They saved the child from the fire.
他們從大火中救出了這孩子。
（2）儲(chǔ)蓄，積攢：
He saved (money) for years to buy a car.
為了買一輛車，他積攢了多年。
He used to save letters.
他過去常積攢信件。
3．work與job
作為名詞，這兩個(gè)單詞都可以翻譯為“工作”，但它們在用法上并不一樣。job為可數(shù)名詞，一般與“職業(yè)”、“職位”有關(guān)，或表示某人的“份內(nèi)事”；work作“工作”講時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞，常指具體的“勞動(dòng)”、“作業(yè)”或“（待做的）工作或事務(wù)”等，也可能表示“上班：
It was his job to repair bicycles.
他的工作是修理自行車。
John is looking for a new job.
約翰正在找一份新工作。
I'm looking for work as a driver.
我在找一份開車的活。
I've a lot of work to do on Sunday.
星期天我有許多事要做。
Lesson 31 課后練習(xí)和答案Exercises and Answer
