聽力試題的命題規律和解題技巧（六級）

一、 四六級英語聽力的考查模式
1．對話
聽力部分一般是20個小題，由a和b兩部分組成。第一部分通常是10個對話，每個對話設一個小題，要求同學們根據對話內容從四個選項中選擇正確答案。
2．短文
b部分有兩種形式，一是聽短文。一般是三篇120-140字之間的短文，每篇短文后有三到四個問題，共10道小題。該部分主要測試同學們的整體理解能力。
3．復合式聽寫
b部分的另一種是復合式聽寫。復合式聽寫由兩部分組成。一是單詞聽寫，要求同學們毫無差錯地填出短文所缺單詞。另一種是補全信息。一般是，每段的第一句主題句已經給出，要求填出具體細節內容說明主題，可以使用聽到的原話，也可以使用自己的語言。

二、四六級英語聽力的命題規律和測試重點
1． 對話
對話部分考查的重點有：
1） 地點

根據對話內容判斷對話發生的地點或對話中所提事件發生的地點是四六級英語聽力測試中常見的也是比較重要的一個題型。地點題一般有以下幾種：
(1)根據信息詞設題

① w: dear, i feel hungry now. how about you?
m: so do i.let me call room service.hello,room service.please
send a menu to 320 right away.
q: where are the two speakers?
a. in a hotel. b. at a dinner table.
c. in the street. d. at the man's house.
該題通過hungry 和menu來迷惑同學們，引導大家選擇b，其實，本題所借助的信息詞是room service 和320這個房間號，答案是a。

② m: can you stay for dinner?
w: i'd love to. but i have to go and send some registered mail
before picking up the children from school.
q: where will the woman go first?
a. to the school b. to a friend's house.
c. to the post office. d. home
本題借助registered mail設題，答案是c。但這里同樣也有地點的辨析問題，要求同學們能聽出是"首先到……地方"。

③ m: excuse me,i'm looking for the emergency room.i thought that
it was on the first floor.
w: it is. this is the basement.take the elevator one flight up
and turn left.
q: where did the conversation most probably take place?
a. in a library b. in a hotel.
c. in a hospital. d. in an elevator
本題設題所依據的信息詞是emergency room，只要考生了解其語域就可判斷答案為c。

(2)借助對話中提到的多個地點設題

有時對話中提到的地點不只一個，這時，一般是將所有的地點都包括在選項之中。這種情況下，同學們不必考慮信息詞問題，只要能將地點與其相關事件聯系起來就可確定答案。如：

① m: i did not see our boss yesterday. has he come back?
w: he was just back from france besides visiting britain，
germany，and spain.
q: which country did the woman visit first?
a. france b. britain c. germany d. spain
四個地點都是訪問過的地點，要求同學們能夠分清先后。答案為b。

② m: will mr. smith come to the party at the weekend?
w: he'll be supposed to，，but he won't be back from his trip
until the next week.
q: where will mr. smith be on saturday?
a. at the party b. at home
c. still on his trip d. back from his trip.
本題是將地點與時間連在一起，要求同學們在聽的同時注意區別每個事件所發生的時間，答案為c。

2） 職業、身份

根據說話內容判斷說話者的身份和職業是四六級聽力測試中又一常見題型。該題型的題項設計有兩種：

(1)說話者自身的身份或職業
根據談話內容判斷說話者一方的職業或身份：

① w: good evening,professor david.my name is susan gray.i'm with
the local newspaper.do you mind if i ask you a few questions?
m: not at all. go ahead, please.
q: what is susan gray.
a. a writer. b. a teacher. c. a reporter. d. a student.
由local newspaper可以判斷說話者是位記者，在采訪。

② m: how about the food i ordered? i've been waiting for 20 minutes
already.
w: i'm very sorry, sir. i'll be back with your order in a minute.
q: who is the man most probably speaking to?
a. a shop assistant. b. a telephone operator
c. a waitress. d. a clerk.
與order有關的自然是waitress，答案為a。

(2)說話雙方之間的關系
該題型是上一題型的延伸，要求同學們能判斷說話者雙方的身份，問題經常是 what's the relationship between the two speakers?
① w: how long will it take you to fix my watch?
m: i'll call you when it's ready. but it shouldn't take longer
than a week.
q: what is the probable relationship between the speakers?
a. librarian and student. b. operator and caller.
c. boss and secretary. d. customer and repairman.
既然女士讓男的fix my watch，說明對方是repairman，而自己是customer。

② m: sorry to trouble you.but is there any possibility of borrowing
a blanket? i feel cold.
w: i think we've got one. could you wait until after take-off
please?
q: what is the probable relationship between the two speakers?
a. a guest and a receptionist.
b. a passenger and an air hostess.
c. a customer and a shop assistant.
d. a guest and a waitress.
take-off一詞的使用說明女的是空姐，答案自然是b。

可以看出，職業、身份以及說話雙方關系的選擇所依據的同樣是信息詞。當然，要判斷雙方的關系，還可以從說話的方式入手。如：
m: make thirty copies for me and twenty copies for mr. brown.
w: certainly sir. as soon as i make the final corrections on the
original.
q: what's the relationship between the two speakers?
a. boss and secretary. b. lawyer and client.
c teacher and student. d. nurse and patient.
兩人間說話的語氣和方式表明是"老板與秘書"的關系。