托福聽(tīng)力細(xì)節(jié)題解題技巧

由天下分享時(shí)間：2022-04-02 23:27:20 加入收藏我要投稿點(diǎn)贊

托福聽(tīng)力細(xì)節(jié)題讓很多考生都感到很崩潰，托福聽(tīng)力材料尤其是lecture篇幅很長(zhǎng)，想要在5-6分鐘的聽(tīng)力中把握細(xì)節(jié)比較困難。今天小編給大家?guī)?lái)了托福聽(tīng)力細(xì)節(jié)題解題技巧,希望能夠幫助到大家，一起來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)吧。

托福聽(tīng)力細(xì)節(jié)題解題技巧

一. 托福聽(tīng)力細(xì)節(jié)題通常是怎么提問(wèn)的?

托福聽(tīng)力細(xì)節(jié)題的提問(wèn)方式通常有三種，分別是：

What point does the professor make when he mentions X.X.X?

According to the professor, what have the researchers agreed on?

What does the professor say about X.X.X?

二.托福聽(tīng)力細(xì)節(jié)題有哪些解題技巧?(實(shí)例解析)

細(xì)節(jié)題的出題點(diǎn)比較固定，只要你能聽(tīng)出提示詞，抓住相關(guān)的大部分內(nèi)容，那么細(xì)節(jié)題還是很容易得分的。細(xì)節(jié)題的出題點(diǎn)大概分為如下幾個(gè)方面：

1.對(duì)聽(tīng)力中的example提問(wèn)

對(duì)話或者講座中的舉例一般都是細(xì)節(jié)題喜歡考察的點(diǎn)。它的提示詞要么是for example, for instance, like, in this case這類(lèi)的連接詞，要么是具體的事例的名詞。

實(shí)例解析：

What example does the professor give of a meme’s longevity?

l A story has been changing since it first appeared in the 1930s

l A person remembers a story for many years

l A gene is passed on through many generations without changing

l A song quickly becomes popular all over the world

這道題是官方真題Official5的第二個(gè)講座的題目。教授的這段話是這樣的：

First, longevity. A replicator must exist long enough to be able to get copied, and transfer its information. Clearly, the longer a replicator survives, the better its chances of getting its message copied and passed on. So longevity is a key characteristic of a replicator. If you take the alligator story, it can exist for a long time in individual memory, let’s say, my memory. I can tell you the story now or ten years from now, the same with the twinkle, twinkle song. So these memes have longevity because they are memorable for one reason or another.

這段話的前半部分介紹的是理論，然后通過(guò)這個(gè)鱷魚(yú)的故事來(lái)解釋這個(gè)理論。所以這道題的答案也是顯而易見(jiàn)的B選項(xiàng)。

2.對(duì)聽(tīng)力材料中的提到的定義或者解釋類(lèi)的內(nèi)容提問(wèn)

在聽(tīng)力中經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些專(zhuān)有名詞，有些專(zhuān)有名詞一帶而過(guò)，有些專(zhuān)有名詞會(huì)在后面給出解釋?zhuān)绻覀兟?tīng)到帶有解釋的專(zhuān)有名詞，就需要提起注意，因?yàn)樗赡苁且粋€(gè)考點(diǎn)。它的提示詞有：it refers to，that is，that means，This is to say，in other words，in another words等。

實(shí)例解析：

What started the runway effect that led to the Sahara area of north Africa becoming a desert

l the prevailing winds became stronger

l the seasonal rains moved to a different area

l the vegetation started to die off in large areas

l the soil lost its ability to retain rainwater

教授是這樣說(shuō)的：

What the Sahara experienced was um…a sort of“runaway drying effect”. As I said the monsoon migrated itself, so there was less rain in the Sahara. The land started to get drier, which in turn caused huge decrease in the amount of vegetation, because vegetation doesn’t grow as well in dry soil, right? And then, less vegetation means the soil can’t hold water as well, the soil loses its ability to retain water when it does rain. So then you have less moisture to help clouds form, nothing to evaporate for cloud formation. And then the cycle continues, less rain, drier soil, less vegetation, fewer clouds, less rain etc. etc..

教授說(shuō)完“runaway drying effect”之后，并沒(méi)有轉(zhuǎn)移話題，而是接著介紹了這個(gè)effect的過(guò)程到底是什么樣的。如果我們能聽(tīng)到“runaway drying effect”之后的解釋?zhuān)敲催@道題也可以迎刃而解。

3.針對(duì)聽(tīng)力材料中的原因進(jìn)行提問(wèn)

在聽(tīng)力中，因?yàn)榭紤]到學(xué)生的能力，所以句子跟句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系沒(méi)有閱讀中那么復(fù)雜。因果關(guān)系是其中最好表述的一種，所以在聽(tīng)力中也是很常見(jiàn)的。它也是考點(diǎn)之一。前因后果：therefore，consequently，as a consequence，result in，lead to。前果后因：result from，originate from，arise out of。

實(shí)例解析：

According to the professor, what led scientists to characterize the Nightcap Oak as primitive

l it has no evolutionary connection to other trees growing in Australia today

l it has an inefficient reproductive system

l its flower are located at the bases of the leaves

l it is similar to some ancient fossils

教授說(shuō)：

Now another interesting thing about the Nightcap Oak is that it represents a very old type kind of tree that grew a hundred million years ago. Um, we found fossils that old that bear remarkable resemblance to the tree. So, it’s a primitive tree. A living fossil you might say.

我們可以看出，fossils that old that bear remarkable resemblance to the treeà it’s a primitive tree。本題給出結(jié)果，對(duì)原因題型提問(wèn)。所以D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.針對(duì)聽(tīng)力材料中的結(jié)尾細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行提問(wèn)

通常我們?cè)趯?duì)話或者講座的結(jié)尾都會(huì)走神，因?yàn)槁?tīng)力持續(xù)的時(shí)間太長(zhǎng)，導(dǎo)致我們?cè)诼?tīng)力快要結(jié)束的時(shí)候，松一口氣的同時(shí)，注意力也不能集中在聽(tīng)力上了。但是往往結(jié)尾也是考點(diǎn)之一。

實(shí)例解析：

What is one way the professor mention that can help with art restoration?

l By re-creating the pigments and binding agents used by artists of earlier eras

l By removing pigments and binding agents that dissolve paintings over time

l By creating protective coatings of paint that do not damage original paintings

l By developing ways to safely remove paint added by previous restorers

教授的最后一句話就是答案：

Then if we want to undo some bad restoration attempts, we can determine what kind of process we can use to remove them to dissolve the paint and uncover the original.

正確選項(xiàng)是D。在對(duì)話中，結(jié)尾的位置經(jīng)常是教授提出建議的位置，或者是教授提出要求的位置。這樣就更需要注意他們的內(nèi)容，因?yàn)楹艽罂赡軙?huì)出考題。所以在平時(shí)做題的時(shí)候，我們要努力克制，一定要聽(tīng)到最后。

5.針對(duì)數(shù)字，地點(diǎn)，人物進(jìn)行提問(wèn)

在聽(tīng)力中會(huì)有一些數(shù)字，地點(diǎn)，人物之類(lèi)的內(nèi)容。這些數(shù)字，地點(diǎn)，人物本身不重要，重要的是他們之后跟著的內(nèi)容。所以在聽(tīng)到這些內(nèi)容的時(shí)候，一定要了解他們之后的內(nèi)容的含義。

實(shí)例解析：

According to the professor, what were two ways that the situation of women artists had changed by then end of the nineteenth century in Paris? (Click on 2 answers.)

l Women and men took art classes together

l Women artists played a greater role in the Salon exhibitions

l More schools were established by women artists

l Fewer women artists were traveling to Paris

教授說(shuō)：

Before the late 19 century, if the women who want to become an artist have to take private lessons or learn from family members. They have more limited options than men did. But around 1870s, some artists in Paris began to offer classes for female students. These classes were for women only. And by the end of the 19 century, it became much more common for woman and man to study together in the same classes.

By the last two decades of 19 century, one fifth of the paintings in the salon were by woman, much higher than in the past.

答案就很顯而易見(jiàn)，是AB選項(xiàng)。

6.針對(duì)對(duì)比，類(lèi)比或者相似的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行提問(wèn)

在講座中尤其喜歡拿兩樣事物對(duì)比或者類(lèi)比著說(shuō)，如果出現(xiàn)這種情況，就需要注意兩個(gè)事物的各自的特征或者相同的特征，因?yàn)檫@里很可能是考點(diǎn)。

實(shí)例解析：

What does the professor compare to a housefly laying many eggs?

l A child learning many different ideas from her parents

l Alligators reproducing in New York sewers

l Different people remembering different versions of a story

l A person singing the“Twinkle, twinkle”song many times

教授說(shuō)：

Next, fecundity. Fecundity is the ability to reproduce in large numbers. For example, the common housefly reproduces by laying several thousand eggs, so each fly gene gets copied thousands of times. Memes, well, they can be reproduced in large numbers as well. How many times have you sung the‘twinkle, twinkle song’to someone? Each time you replicated the song, and maybe passed it along to someone who did not know it yet, a small child maybe.

教授用housefly的例子來(lái)說(shuō)明基因的傳遞，然后作類(lèi)比，說(shuō)明通過(guò)給別人唱“小星星”這首歌，文化基因是如何傳遞的。所以D選項(xiàng)就是我們的正確答案。

三.托福聽(tīng)力細(xì)節(jié)題的選項(xiàng)有哪些特征?

細(xì)節(jié)題一定是原文出現(xiàn)過(guò)的內(nèi)容，他們可能是同義改寫(xiě)，也可能是用原文中的詞匯概述答案。所以對(duì)于原文中沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)過(guò)的內(nèi)容，一定是錯(cuò)的。這就是細(xì)節(jié)題跟推斷題之間的區(qū)別。

托福聽(tīng)力細(xì)節(jié)題的錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)有如下幾種：

1.原文提到過(guò)的內(nèi)容，但是不在對(duì)應(yīng)的位置。它可能是上一個(gè)話題的內(nèi)容，也可能是下一個(gè)話題的內(nèi)容。這樣的選項(xiàng)比較具有迷惑性，容易錯(cuò)選。如果在做筆記的過(guò)程中能夠分段落進(jìn)行記載，那么就可以避免這種現(xiàn)象。

2.部分原文中的內(nèi)容+部分原文中沒(méi)有提到的內(nèi)容。這樣的選項(xiàng)我們會(huì)自動(dòng)忽略沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)過(guò)的內(nèi)容，所以在讀題的時(shí)候一定要仔細(xì)。不斷的問(wèn)自己這個(gè)信息點(diǎn)到底是否在聽(tīng)力中出現(xiàn)過(guò)。

3.完全沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)過(guò)的內(nèi)容。這種選項(xiàng)一般我們可以直接省略。

4.與原文不符的內(nèi)容。有些選項(xiàng)會(huì)跟原文不符，但是因?yàn)樗麄兏牡膬?nèi)容太像，太接近，我們又忽略了他們否定的內(nèi)容，所以在做題過(guò)程中也需要注意。

托福聽(tīng)力：5步提高速度法

第一步：盲聽(tīng)。托福聽(tīng)力不看材料聽(tīng)，了解大概講的內(nèi)容就行。同時(shí)還把聽(tīng)力的Gist題給練了。

第二步：再聽(tīng)。這一遍要照著材料聽(tīng)。新托福聽(tīng)力精聽(tīng)每一個(gè)發(fā)音和那種洋腔洋調(diào)。尤其要注意剛才在遍的時(shí)候你沒(méi)有聽(tīng)清楚的部分，是生詞的緣故，還是發(fā)音的緣故。如果是生詞，你不用著急，查一下字典，把音標(biāo)標(biāo)注一下就好，用金山詞霸，那里有發(fā)音，盡管個(gè)別會(huì)有不準(zhǔn)的(這個(gè)你可以根據(jù)音標(biāo)自己判定)，但絕大多數(shù)都是準(zhǔn)的，而且也還是美式發(fā)音。一定要讀幾遍，聲音熟悉就很容易記住單詞了。如果是發(fā)音的緣故，診斷一下是連音，省音，還是弱讀，縮讀，同化等現(xiàn)象。這一步你可以多聽(tīng)?zhēng)妆樾峦懈Ｂ?tīng)力，熟悉句子的連續(xù)聲音輸入的過(guò)程。你可以整段泛聽(tīng)，也可以單句精聽(tīng)。根據(jù)你當(dāng)時(shí)的感受來(lái)。

第三步：聽(tīng)后跟讀。前兩步聽(tīng)熟了，做了很好的鋪墊以后，這一步才開(kāi)始跟讀。起初，建議單句跟讀，模仿發(fā)音。增加托福聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練，在聽(tīng)下一句的時(shí)候要復(fù)習(xí)前一句里出現(xiàn)的音素，同一音素在不同單詞中的發(fā)音給你的感覺(jué)是不同的，認(rèn)真體會(huì)。這就是外語(yǔ)的差異。同時(shí)還要學(xué)習(xí)新出現(xiàn)的音素，總之無(wú)數(shù)的材料都是由那48個(gè)音素堆積而成的聲音集合。另外，在讀的過(guò)程中，標(biāo)注一下重音(具體到每個(gè)音節(jié)的詞重音)，語(yǔ)調(diào) (升調(diào)，降調(diào)和降升調(diào)，就是拐彎的調(diào)子) 和停頓(不只是標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)后的停頓，主要是句子內(nèi)部的意群停頓)。如果你覺(jué)得這個(gè)復(fù)雜，那么就聽(tīng)N遍之后跟著感覺(jué)走吧。

第四步：只讀不聽(tīng)。在第三步足夠熟練以后，這一步要做的就是根據(jù)剛才耳朵被沖擊的感覺(jué)去讀，讀熟為止。體會(huì)在第三步中你標(biāo)注的東西，在這一步里要實(shí)踐出來(lái)。

第五步：邊聽(tīng)邊讀。就是達(dá)到聽(tīng)說(shuō)同步。起初可以看材料，然后慢慢脫離材料。以至于到后來(lái)，你會(huì)上癮，聽(tīng)到別人講英語(yǔ)，你的嘴巴都會(huì)不由自主的跟著動(dòng)起來(lái)。

托福聽(tīng)力：考場(chǎng)上要避免九個(gè)錯(cuò)誤

一、原文信息漏聽(tīng)

這是比較常見(jiàn)的一種錯(cuò)誤原因，在聽(tīng)音過(guò)程中，由于種.種原因?qū)е驴键c(diǎn)細(xì)節(jié)漏聽(tīng)，種.種原因可能包括：

1、聽(tīng)音基礎(chǔ)不好，比如單詞量少，語(yǔ)法差導(dǎo)致各種聽(tīng)不懂

2、由于聽(tīng)力材料語(yǔ)速較快，思路跟不上語(yǔ)速

3、由于外界干擾走神兒或者習(xí)慣性注意力不集中

解決方法：

1、做聽(tīng)寫(xiě)、背單詞、學(xué)語(yǔ)法提升基礎(chǔ)聽(tīng)音能力

2、做跟讀模仿提升信息處理速度

3、做連續(xù)聽(tīng)音練習(xí)提升聽(tīng)音耐力或做抗干擾練習(xí)，比如做聽(tīng)力時(shí)，同時(shí)播放英文電視廣播等

二、選項(xiàng)中的單詞不認(rèn)識(shí)

選項(xiàng)中的單詞不認(rèn)識(shí)直接導(dǎo)致選項(xiàng)無(wú)法正常翻譯理解。

例：

Why does the professor discuss refugia? Click on 2 answers

A. To explain that the location of coralwithin a reef affects the coral's ability to survive

B. To point out why some coral species aremore susceptible to bleaching than others

C. To suggest that bleaching is not asdetrimental to coral health as first thought

D. To illustrate the importance of studyingcoral that has a low vulnerability of bleaching

這道題B選項(xiàng)中的susceptible，C選項(xiàng)中的detrimental，D選項(xiàng)中的vulnerability很多同學(xué)不認(rèn)識(shí)，不知其意，所以在選擇答案時(shí)出現(xiàn)困難。

解決方法：

課后通過(guò)單詞書(shū)大量積累詞匯，做題時(shí)在文章中和選項(xiàng)中積累生詞，形成自己的生詞本。

三、選項(xiàng)翻譯錯(cuò)誤

由于對(duì)句子成分辨識(shí)不清，導(dǎo)致翻譯出錯(cuò)。

例：

What point do the speakersmake about the background of The Dreamer?

A. It is a good example ofBeaux's unusual style of brushstroke.

B. It resembles the backgrounds ofother Beaux portraits.C. Its lack of clarity emphasizesthe theme of the painting.

D. It is meant to suggest thatthe woman is in a dark room.

這道題的正確答案為C，正確翻譯是：缺少清晰度的背景強(qiáng)調(diào)了這幅畫(huà)的主題

很多同學(xué)把這句話中的lack看成了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，翻譯成：背景沒(méi)有清晰的強(qiáng)調(diào)這幅畫(huà)的主題，和正確的翻譯截然相反，導(dǎo)致選錯(cuò)。

解決方法：

仔細(xì)研究語(yǔ)法，確定好詞性和句子成分。

四、形近詞看錯(cuò)

由于把選項(xiàng)中的形近詞看混，或者把某個(gè)詞看成另外一個(gè)形近詞，導(dǎo)致理解錯(cuò)誤。

例：

What is the lecture mainly about?

A. The environmental effects of heap roasting

B. The reforestation efforts in the Copper Basin

C. The process of mining and producing copper

D. Damages caused during an attempt to clean up industrial waste

有部分同學(xué)把AB選項(xiàng)中的effect和effort看混，或者把B選項(xiàng)中的reforestation看成deforestation，導(dǎo)致理解的意思截然不同，所以選錯(cuò)。

解決方法：

睜大雙眼，仔細(xì)審題審選項(xiàng)，二次檢查。

五、沒(méi)有關(guān)注單詞復(fù)數(shù)

在內(nèi)容主旨題中，做主語(yǔ)的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)有截然不同的意義，如果是復(fù)數(shù)名詞則意味著這篇講座必須講解多個(gè)事物或者從多角度多方面講解某個(gè)事物，如果此篇講座只講解了單一事物或一個(gè)方面，則復(fù)數(shù)選項(xiàng)為錯(cuò)，很多同學(xué)沒(méi)有仔細(xì)關(guān)注單復(fù)數(shù)的變化，導(dǎo)致選錯(cuò)。

例：

What are the speakers mainly discussing?

A. An architect from the United States and a house design she created

B. The disadvantage of houses based on a square design

C. Difficulties faced by residential architects in the nineteenth century

D. Women who had a major influence on architecture in the United States

這道題的正確答案為A，很多同學(xué)選D，D選項(xiàng)的主語(yǔ)是women，而這篇講座只講了一個(gè)女建筑師的事情，所以排除D。

解決方法：

睜大雙眼，仔細(xì)辨識(shí)單復(fù)數(shù)結(jié)合原文綜合思考。

六、由于某個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞而選擇該答案

托福聽(tīng)力陷阱選項(xiàng)中有一種迷惑型極強(qiáng)的選項(xiàng)，里面包含了原文中的某些關(guān)鍵詞，但是整句話做了細(xì)節(jié)篡改導(dǎo)致似是而非，部分同學(xué)由于只看到關(guān)鍵詞而沒(méi)有仔細(xì)翻譯整個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思就做出選擇導(dǎo)致選錯(cuò)。

例：

What characteristic of notothenioids helpsthem survive in subfreezing temperatures?

A. They maintain an unusually high bodytemperature.

B. A special tissue in their eyes enablesthem to see through ice.

C. Special proteins make their bloodcirculate too fast to freeze.

D. Ice crystals in their bodies are preventedfrom growing large enough to harm them.

這道題原文中的表述是notothenioids這種南極魚(yú)由于體內(nèi)有某種蛋白質(zhì)導(dǎo)致它們能在零度以下的水溫里生存，很多同學(xué)看到C選項(xiàng)中的proteins直接選擇了改答案，但是整句話中對(duì)proteins的解釋和原文是不符的，是典型的細(xì)節(jié)迷惑型選項(xiàng)，正確答案為D，對(duì)proteins的正確解釋。

解決方法：

了解這種細(xì)節(jié)迷惑型選項(xiàng)的普遍存在性，注意解題時(shí)思考避讓。

七、對(duì)題型的解題思路不熟

由于對(duì)題型的解題思路理解不透徹，不遵守，主觀排除正確答案。

例：

Whathad the man assumed about human impact on the environment?

A. Thathuman impact on the environment is difficult to measure

B. Thathumans have only recently had an impact on the environment

C. Thathuman impact on the environment is always harmful

D. Thathuman impact on the environment cannot be avoided

這道題正確答案是C，很多同學(xué)認(rèn)為C選項(xiàng)的描述過(guò)于或者不符合事實(shí)所以直接主觀排除，但是這道題的題干是一道轉(zhuǎn)述型細(xì)節(jié)題，即問(wèn)的是文中的男生過(guò)去認(rèn)為人類(lèi)對(duì)環(huán)境的影響是什么情況?C選項(xiàng)確實(shí)是原文中男生的想法。

解決方法：

仔細(xì)研究聽(tīng)力部分的8種題型，遵守相應(yīng)的解題原則。

八、選錯(cuò)位型選項(xiàng)

錯(cuò)位型選項(xiàng)是普遍存在的一種錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)類(lèi)型，托福聽(tīng)力出題規(guī)律是每一段有一道題，如果某一道題的選項(xiàng)里包含了其他段落的表述，則此類(lèi)選項(xiàng)叫做錯(cuò)位型選項(xiàng)，應(yīng)予以排除。很多同學(xué)做每一道題都用全文的信息去找答案，這種思路是萬(wàn)萬(wàn)不可的。

例：

What does the professor say about the function of the papillae?

A. They produce dye in different colors

B. They propel the octopus through the water

C. They change the texture of the octopus skin

D. They help the octopus contract into a smaller shape

這道題題干中的papillae是和原文中的texture相關(guān)的表述，所以直接對(duì)應(yīng)C答案，A答案對(duì)于color的闡述以及C答案對(duì)于shape的描寫(xiě)都是其他段落內(nèi)容，屬于錯(cuò)位型選項(xiàng)。

解決方法：

了解錯(cuò)位型選項(xiàng)的普遍存在性，做題時(shí)按層次思考找答案。

九、沒(méi)有綜合應(yīng)用解題方法

在信息漏聽(tīng)時(shí)，有一些推薦的某種程度上可以彌補(bǔ)的答題小技巧，時(shí)而可以提升答題正確率，部分同學(xué)對(duì)這些方法掌握不熟練忘記應(yīng)用導(dǎo)致可以選對(duì)的題目后還是選錯(cuò)了。

例：