雅思閱讀長難句翻譯練習(xí)之定語從句篇

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雅思閱讀要想上高分，一定要學(xué)會正確翻譯文章中的長難句。今天小編給大家?guī)砹搜潘奸喿x長難句翻譯練習(xí)之定語從句篇，希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

雅思閱讀長難句翻譯練習(xí)之定語從句篇

同學(xué)們都知道，定語從句可以分為限定性定語從句與非限定性定語從句。這種分類方式是根據(jù)中心詞與修飾成分之間的關(guān)系密切程度決定的，那么我們在翻譯和理解雅思閱讀長難句的過程中，就可以根據(jù)定語從句的不同種類采取不同的翻譯方法。

1. 非限定性定語從句的翻譯方法

在非限定性定語從句中，中心詞本身意義是明確的，修飾中心詞的定語從句起補(bǔ)充說明的作用。所以在翻譯時，將非限定性定語從句與之前的主句譯為并列結(jié)構(gòu)即可，即先翻譯主句，再翻譯非限定性定語從句。

例：This all amounts to heightened activity and noise levels, which have the potential to be particularly serious for children experiencing auditory function deficit. (J9T2P1P2)

講解：

由于have是復(fù)數(shù)形式，所以which指代前文的heightened activity and noise levels。

可譯為：這一切增加了活動量與噪音級別，這對患有聽覺功能障礙的孩子有潛在的嚴(yán)重影響。

但是‘這’在中文中指代抽象，所以雖然句子成分分析準(zhǔn)確，但是仍然不能理解句子和含義。修改如下:

這一切增加了活動量與噪音級別，增加了的活動量和噪音量對患有聽覺功能障礙的孩子有潛在的嚴(yán)重影響。

2. 較短的限定性定語從句

在多數(shù)限定性定語從句中，中心詞本身的意義不夠明確的，需要定語從句修飾后才能確定準(zhǔn)確含義。因此在翻譯一般的限定性定語從句時，將定語從句像一般的定語一樣翻譯到中心詞之前就可以了。注意，適用于這種翻譯方法的定語從句長度一般較短。

例：In addition to the reptiles, birds, mammals and insects which we see all around us, other groups that have succeeded out of water include scorpions, snails, crustaceans such as woodlice and land crabs, millipedes and centipedes, spiders and various worms. (J9T1P3P1)

可譯為：除了在我們身邊看到的爬行類、鳥類、哺乳類和昆蟲外，其他成功從海水中出來的種群還有蝎子，蝸牛，甲殼綱動物(木虱、陸生螃蟹、千足蟲和蜈蚣)、蜘蛛和各種蠕蟲。

3. 較長的限定性定語從句

那么對于不包括在上述范圍內(nèi)的較長的限定性定語從句，我們在翻譯和理解的時候，可以像翻譯非限定性定語從句那樣，將其后置;如果像較短的限定性定語從句那樣置于中心詞之前翻譯，可能會因?yàn)樾揎棾煞诌^長打斷翻譯思路，影響對句子的整體理解。

例：Quite apart from the impracticality of sending a reply over such large distances at short notice, it raises a host of ethical questions that would have to be addressed by the global community before any reply could be sent. (J9T1P2P5)

可譯為：除了立刻進(jìn)行如此長距離的答復(fù)不可行之外，人們還提出了一系列道德問題，這些問題將必須等國際社會達(dá)成共識來解決。

以上就是今天雅思學(xué)科頻道為大家?guī)淼挠嘘P(guān)雅思閱讀中定語從句的翻譯方法，相信下次同學(xué)們再遇到這種長難句的時候都能翻譯地很通暢。以后還會為大家?guī)砥渌Z法知識的講解，今天先到這兒，下期見!祝各位都能考出好成績噢~

雅思閱讀機(jī)經(jīng)真題解析-Bestcome Considerate Computing

“Your battery is now fully charged”, Announced the laptop computer to its owner, Donald A Norman, with enthusiasm-perhaps even a hint of pride?---in its synthetic voice. To be sure, distractions and multitasking are hardly new to the human condition. “A complicated life, continually interrupted by computing requests for attention, is as old as procreation,” laughs Ted Selker of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Media Lab. But increasingly, it is not just our kids pulling us three ways at once; it is also a relentless barrage of e-mail, alerts, alarms, calls, instant messages and automated notifications, none of them coordinated and all of them oblivious to whether we are busy—or even present. “It’s ridiculous that my own computer can’t figure out whether I’m in front of it, but a public toilet can,” exclaims Roel Vertegaal of Queen’s University in Ontario.

Humanity has connected itself through roughly three billion networked telephones, computers traffic lights—even refrigerators and picture frame—because these things make life more convenient and keep us available to those we care about. So although we could simply turn off the phones, close the e-mail program, and shut the office door when it is time for meeting or strench of concentrated work, we usually don’t. We just endure the consequences.

Numerous studies have shown that when people are unexpectedly interrupted, they not only work less efficiently but also make more mistakes. “It seems to add cumulatively to a feeling of frustration,” Picard reports, and that stress response makes it hard to regain focus. It isn’t merely a matter of productivity and the pace of life. For pilots, drivers, soldiers and doctors, errors of inattention can be downright dangerous. “If we could just give our computers and phones some understanding of the limits of human attention and memory, it would make them seem a lot more thoughtful and courteous,” says Eric Horvitz of Microsoft Research. Horvitz, Vertegaal, Selker and Picard are Eric Horvitz among a small but growing number of researchers trying to teach computers, phones, cars and other gadgets to behave less like egocentric oafs and more like considerate colleagues.

“Attentive” computing systems have begun appearing in newer Volvos and IBM has introduced Websphere communications software with a basic busyness sense. Microsoft has been running extensive in-house tests of a much more sophisticated system since 2003. Within a few year, companies may be able to offer every office worker a software version of the personal receptionist that only corner-suite executives enjoy today. But if such an offer should land in your inbox, be sure to read the print before you sign. An attentive system, by definition, is one that is always watching. That considerate computer may come to know more about your work habits than you do.

Most people aren’t as busy as they think they are, which is why we can usually tolerate interruptions from our inconsiderate electronic paraphernalia. James with Jennifer Lai of IBM Research to study 10 managers, researchers and interns at work. They Videotaped the subjects and periodically had them rate their “interruptibility. ” The amount of time the workers spent in leave-me-alone mode varied from person to person and day to day, ranging from 10 to 51pericent. On average, the subjects wanted to work without interruption about one third of the time. In studies of Microsoft employees, Horvitz has similarly found that they typically spend more than 65 percent of their day in a state of low attention.

Today’s phones and computers, which naively assume that the user is never too busy to take a call, read an email, or click “OK” on an alert box, thus are probably correct about two thirds of time. To be useful, then considerate systems will have to be more than 65 percent accurate in sending when their users are near their cognitive limits.

Bestcom/Enhanced Telephony, a Microsoft prototype based on Horvitz’s work, digs a litter deeper into each user’s computer to find clues about what they are up to. Microsoft launched an internal beta test of the system in mid-2003. By Last October, Horvitz says, about 3,800 people were using the system to field their incoming phone calls.

Horvitz himself is one of those testers, and while we talk in his office in Redmond, Wash., Bestcom silently handles one call after another. First it checks whether the caller is listed in his address book, the company directory, or its log of people he has called recently. Triangulating these sources, it tries to deduce their relationship. Family members, supervisors and people he called earlier today ring through. Others see a message on their computer that he is in meeting and won’t be available until 3 P.M. The system scans Horvitz’s and the caller’s calendar and offers to reschedule the call at a time that is open for both. Some callers choose that option, others leave voice mail. E-mail messages get a similar screening. When Horvitz is out of the office, Bestcom automatically offers to forward selected callers to his cellphone—unless his calendar and other evidence suggest that he is in a meeting.

Most large companies already use computerized phone systems and started calendar and contact management software, so tapping into those ‘sensors’ should be straightforward. Not all employees will like the idea of having a microphone on all the time in their office, however, nor will everyone want to expose their datebook to some program they do not ultimately control. Moreover, some managers might be tempted to equate a “state of low attention” with “goofing off” and punish those who seem insufficiently busy.

Question 14-19

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2? In boxes 14-19 on your answer sheet, write

TURE if the statement is true

FALSE if the statement is false

NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage

14. According to Ted Selker, human reproduction has been disturbed throughout history.

15. If people are interrupted by calls or e-mails, they usually put up with it instead of feeling sickness.

16. Microsoft is now investigating a software which is compatible with ordinary offices.

17. People usually have misperception about whether they are busy or not.

18. Experts in Carnegie Mellon University conducted a research observing all occupations of IBM.

19. Current phone and computer systems have shortcut keys for people receiving information immediately.

Question 20-26