托福閱讀的詞匯題是比較重要的一類題型，雖然在改革后詞匯題數(shù)量有所減少，今天小編給大家?guī)?lái)了托福閱讀詞匯題聯(lián)系上下文猜詞技巧實(shí)例講解。希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來(lái)欣賞一下吧。

托福閱讀詞匯題聯(lián)系上下文猜詞技巧實(shí)例講解

托福閱讀詞匯題如何聯(lián)系上下文猜詞?

這種方法主要根據(jù)句子內(nèi)或者句子間的邏輯關(guān)聯(lián)來(lái)猜測(cè)詞義。常用的有因果關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、并列關(guān)系、否定關(guān)系等等。

聯(lián)系上下文猜詞技巧實(shí)例講解

例1：Absenteeism and lateness hurt productivity and since work was specialized,disrupted the regular factory routine.Industrialization not only produced a fundamental change in the way work was organized; it transformed the very nature of work.

The word disrupted in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. prolonged

B. established

C. followed

D. upset

原句中hurt與disrupt是并列詞，含義類似，所以快速確定D選項(xiàng)。這層并列關(guān)系是逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)的，在一些句子中，如果看到諸如also/as well as, both…and…, either...or..., neither…nor…, in (the) the same way, equally, similarly/similar to, like/just like, likewise(同樣的), while(與此同時(shí)), meanwhile(同時(shí)), not only...but also... , more...than這樣的詞也要明確存在的并列關(guān)系。

例2：Although limited to a skull, the Pakicetus fossil provides precious details on the origins of cetaceans.

The word precious in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. Exact

B. Scarce

C. Valuable

D. Initial

分析：

Although指示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以前、后半句是相反的含義，前面是limited，所以猜測(cè)詞匯是limit負(fù)面的詞，我們可以知道exact表示準(zhǔn)確的意思，scarce是指稀有的，和limit屬于類似的含義，initial開(kāi)始的，詞義不相干。所以選擇C。

托福考試閱讀題目名師解析指導(dǎo)

(1)Between 1900 and 1920 nearly 7.5 million new urban dwellings were added to aturn-of-the-century total of 10 million. (2)In the 1920s another 5.7 million were occupied. (3)Thus by 1930 a majority of urban homes had been built within the past thirty years.

托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句解析：難點(diǎn)在于對(duì)地道表達(dá)和句間關(guān)系的理解。

第(1)句，從1900到1920，有7.5百萬(wàn)新住房被增入世紀(jì)之初(即1900年)的10百萬(wàn)總量住房中。

第(2)句，從1920-1929，另外的5.7百萬(wàn)新住房被居住。

第(3)句，因此，截止到1929，大多數(shù)的城市住房是在過(guò)去的30年(1900-1930)建的。為什么呢?因?yàn)?.5+5.7=13.2>10，已經(jīng)超過(guò)1900前所有原住房數(shù)量了。即(7.5+5.7)/(7.5+5.7+10)>50%。

托福考試閱讀題目名師解析指導(dǎo)

【待插入句子】One of the major effects was the rapid growth of the human population itself.

【待插入段落】Paragraph 1: The universal global warming at the end of the Ice Age had dramatic effects on temperate regions of Asia, Europe, and North America. Ice sheets retreated and sea levels rose. ■The climatic changes in southwestern Asia were more subtle, in that they involved shifts in mountain snow lines, rainfall patterns, and vegetation cover. ■However, these same cycles of change had momentous impacts on the sparse human populations of the region. ■At the end of the Ice Age, no more than a few thousand foragers lived along the eastern Mediterranean coast, in the Jordan and Euphrates valleys. Within 2,000 years, the human population of the region numbered in the tens of thousands, all as a result of village life and farming. ■Thanks to new environmental and archaeological discoveries, we now know something about this remarkable change in local life.

正確答案為3rd square;

2.插入句子說(shuō) 重大影響中的一個(gè)是：快速增長(zhǎng)的人口。那么一定要跟在major effects后面，而我們看到了段落中的momentous impacts;完美的paraphrase，所以毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)就是這里了。

再看段落，組成也很明確：1st為T(mén)S主旨句——全球變暖對(duì)于各洲的溫帶(temperate)區(qū)域有dramatic effcts。2nd: 西南亞的氣候變化更細(xì)微。 3rd: 但是，同樣的變化循環(huán)對(duì)人口稀少(sparse)的區(qū)域有巨大的影響。4th:在冰河世界末期，只有數(shù)千人。2000年間，人口成千上萬(wàn)的增長(zhǎng)，都是因?yàn)猷l(xiāng)村生活和農(nóng)耕。5th：多虧了新發(fā)現(xiàn)，我們知道這種當(dāng)?shù)厣畹膭×易兓?/p>

托福考試閱讀題目名師解析指導(dǎo)

【待插入句子】One example of such tropical abundance is found in Panama, which has 667 species of breeding birds一three times the number found in Alaska.

【待插入段落】 When we look at the way in which biodiversity (biological diversity) is distributed over the land surface of the planet, we find that it is far from even. The tropics contain many more species overall than an equivalent area at the higher latitudes. This seems to be true for many different groups of animals and plants. [■]

Why is it that higher latitudes have lower diversities than the tropics? [■] Perhaps it is simply a matter of land area. [■] The tropics contain a larger surface area of land than higher latitudes—a fact that is not always evident when we examine commonly used projections of Earth’s curved surface, since this tends to exaggerate the areas of land in the higher latitudes—and some biogeographers regard the differences in diversity as a reflection of this effect. [■] But an analysis of the data by biologist Klaus Rohde does not support this explanation. Although area may contribute to biodiversity, it is certainly not the whole story; otherwise, large landmasses would always be richer in species.

1.首先公布答案：1st square;

2.看到待插入句子中有one example…，這是個(gè)典型的論點(diǎn)+論據(jù)的結(jié)構(gòu)! 給我們的是論據(jù)，那么前面一定要出現(xiàn)論點(diǎn)，這樣才能和舉例子對(duì)應(yīng)起來(lái)。 之后，看看舉的是什么樣的例子——這樣的熱帶多樣性被發(fā)現(xiàn)在Panama，有667個(gè)鳥(niǎo)類物種，是Alaska的三倍。

3.最后讓我們來(lái)看一下待插入段落的各個(gè)句子：

P1:1st:當(dāng)我們來(lái)看生物多樣性(biodiversity)在地表分布的方式時(shí)，我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這種分布(it)不是(far from)均勻的(even)。2nd:熱帶(tropics)比同樣(equivalent)面積的高緯度(higher latitudes)地區(qū)包含了更多地物種。 3rd:這種現(xiàn)象對(duì)許多不同種類的動(dòng)植物都是正確的。

P2: 1st: 為什么高緯度有(比熱帶)更低的多樣性?

2nd: 可能只是陸地面積的緣故。(托福中經(jīng)典的自問(wèn)自答!)

3rd:熱帶(比高緯度區(qū)域)包含了更大的地表面積，有些生物地理學(xué)家把這種多樣性的差異(differnece in diversity)當(dāng)成是(regard...as)這種結(jié)果(this effect, 只帶前半句的熱帶面積更大)的反射——面積的事實(shí)(a fact)在我們看地球曲面投影圖的時(shí)候并不總是明顯的，因?yàn)橥队?this)會(huì)夸大(exaggerate)高緯度地區(qū)的陸地面積。(這一句也考到了句子簡(jiǎn)化題，注意”先大后小”的原則，破折號(hào)留到后面讀)

4th: 但是KR的數(shù)據(jù)分析并不支持這個(gè)解釋。

5th:盡管面積可能導(dǎo)致(contribute to…)生物多樣性，它當(dāng)然不是全部的理由(not the whole story);否則(otherwise),大的地表面積就應(yīng)該總是有更豐富的物種。 (言外之意是 并非如此。——考察常識(shí))

看完之后就很清楚了，第一個(gè)段落講現(xiàn)象，第二個(gè)段落講原因。而待插入的句子說(shuō)的是現(xiàn)象，所以放在第一段關(guān)于生物多樣性的論點(diǎn)后面，perfect。

語(yǔ)法積累

far from… 跟上次課講過(guò)的other than…一樣，表示否定。

more…than…;lower…than…; larger…than… 識(shí)別比較關(guān)系。

regard…as… 被認(rèn)為...

not the whole story 字面理解為“不是全部的故事”;常用的承上啟下轉(zhuǎn)移話題的短語(yǔ)。

詞匯積累

diversity 多樣性

distribute 分布

even 平均的

equivalent 等價(jià)的

reflection 反映，反射

contribute to… 導(dǎo)致

otherwise 否則

托福考試閱讀題目名師解析指導(dǎo)

【待插入句子】 Indeed, at the height of Athenian democracy there was no government separate from its citizenry.

Where would the sentence best fit? Click on square [■] to add the sentence to the passage.

【待插入段落】 During the fifth century B. C. the council of 500 was extremely influential in shaping policy. [■] In the next century, however, it was the mature assembly that took on decision-making responsibility. [■] By any measure other than that of the aristocrats, who had been upstaged by the supposedly inferior "people," the Athenian democracy was a stunning success. Never before, or since, have so many people been involved in the serious business of self-governance. [■] It was precisely this opportunity to participate in public life that provided a stimulus for the brilliant unfolding of classical Greek culture.[■]

1.首先公布答案：3rd square;

2.然后我們來(lái)看一下待插入的句子：Indeed表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，翻譯成“確實(shí)”;at the height of… 在...的巔峰;還有一個(gè)there was no… 用否定來(lái)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)：沒(méi)有政府是跟全體市民分隔開(kāi)的，言外之意就是說(shuō)雅典的民主程度非常之高。 既然是強(qiáng)調(diào)，那前面一定要出現(xiàn)過(guò)相應(yīng)的信息。

3.最后讓我們來(lái)看一下這一段的各個(gè)句子：

1st: 議會(huì)(council)在制定(shape)政策上非常有影響力。 2nd: 但在下個(gè)世紀(jì)，成熟的立法機(jī)構(gòu)(assemby)承擔(dān)了做決定的職責(zé)。3rd: (以除了貴族之外的衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)看來(lái)，貴族被本應(yīng)是下等人的人民搶去了風(fēng)頭)雅典的民主是一個(gè)巨大的成功. 4th: 空前絕后，從未有這么多人民參與到自我管理的嚴(yán)肅事業(yè)中來(lái)。 5th: 正是有了參與到公眾生活的機(jī)會(huì)，才刺激了古典希臘文化的發(fā)展(unfolding,展開(kāi))。

看完之后就很清楚了，整個(gè)段落一句話總結(jié)——雅典民主很成功。1st承接上文;2nd～4th講民主如何成功;5th講民主帶來(lái)的影響。 而我們要插入的地方在民主程度高的后面，所以是在self-governance后面。放進(jìn)去之后跟后面也能搭配起來(lái)，perfect.

知識(shí)小補(bǔ)丁

語(yǔ)法積累：

it was… that… 強(qiáng)調(diào)句的固定搭配;

other than… 表示否定，除了... 不是...

decision-making n+ v-ing; 理解的時(shí)候就按照v+n來(lái)理解，making decision;做決策。

never before, or since 前無(wú)古人，后無(wú)來(lái)者。